Luxemburg became the first Polish woman to earn a doctorate in political economy on October 20, 1898.
On October 20, 1898, Rosa Luxemburg defended her doctoral dissertation at the University of Zurich, becoming the first Polish woman to earn such a degree. Her dissertation focused on the industrial economy of Poland, demonstrating her analytical prowess in economics. This achievement was notable not just for its content but for breaking gender and national barriers during a time when women's roles in academia were severely restricted.