The public heresy trial of Joan of Arc opens at Rouen.
On February 21, 1431, Joan of Arc's trial for heresy commenced at Rouen. Presided over by Bishop Pierre Cauchon, the trial was a politically motivated effort by English interests to undermine the legitimacy of Charles VII. Joan faced severe and biased questioning during these public proceedings. This trial held significant ramifications for her legacy, underscoring the conflict between national sovereignty and the influences of religious and monarchical power. It also marked a seminal moment in Joan's journey towards martyrdom.